What is the technical route of solid-state batteries?

　　The pursuit of zero-carbon emission vehicles in advanced countries around the world has become increasingly fierce, and the demand for new energy vehicle specifications has become increasingly clear. However, the current sluggish development of lithium battery technology has restricted the cruising range and safety, which has made the upgrade of new energy vehicles slow. Shocking battery fire accidents of new energy vehicles have occurred again and again

　　The pursuit of zero-carbon emission vehicles in advanced countries around the world has become increasingly fierce, and the demand for new energy vehicle specifications has become increasingly clear. However, the current sluggish development of lithium battery technology has restricted the cruising range and safety, which has made the upgrade of new energy vehicles slow. The shocking battery fire accidents of new energy vehicles have occurred again and again, forcing the various tigers of BMW, Toyota and other international car manufacturers to start. Strategic binding.

　　However, various industry leaders have invested in solid-state batteries for about 20 years, but they are still in a state of chaos. The battery factories each believe in different electrolyte systems, and there is no trend of technology flow or integration. Some of them are successful. Some people continue to postpone the development of road maps, and those who leave the market sadly after throwing hundreds of millions of dollars are even heard. In terms of performance and mass production, there are inherent advantages and disadvantages that are irreversible at the level of modern technology. We divide electrolytes into six categories according to the manufacturing process and chemical system: oxides, sulfides, cyanides, halides, films, and polymers. Four major technical routes illustrate its current development status:

　　Solid Polymer

　　Thanks to the mature development of liquid polymers, the mass production capacity of solid polymer batteries is not far from that of liquid polymers, but there are poor stability leading to poor electrical reliability, plus ionic conductivity at room temperature. Poor, the battery performance is therefore greatly compromised, and even produces a situation where it is difficult to operate below 10-4S/cm.

　　Earlier, the French Bolloré Group used BatScap batteries for urban ride-hailing, but it must continue to heat the electric vehicle battery to above 60°C to maintain the internal conductivity of the battery. The German component giant Bosch Bosch Group also had to announce its abandonment of its investment in Seeo at the beginning of 2018; the solid polymer electrolyte manufacturer Ionic Materials has received the most attention recently, which has received investment from Samsung SDI, Dyson, Wanxiang and other groups. Perhaps There are samples available in recent years.

　　oxide film

　　The thickness of thin film batteries can reach the micron level. It was once regarded as the best solution for the medical and wearable market. However, it is similar to the semiconductor sputtering production process, the equipment cost is high, the environmental requirements are extremely high, and the yield rate is low, so mass production is not easy And the cost is very high.

　　The US IPS made all solid-state thin-film batteries in 2008, and was acquired by Apple in 2014, but no products have been published. In addition, Dyson Group’s investment in Sakti3 was the most prosperous news in the solid-state battery market in 2015, but in 2017 Announcing the abandonment of all Sakti3 patents and turning to investing in solid polymer plants to seek rapid entry into the market. In this view, the mass production and commercialization of thin-film batteries remains to be seen.

　　Sulfide

　　Although the conductivity is good, the stability is not good, but it is the biggest shortcoming, and the stability that affects oxidation and reduction is also low, the process is complicated, and it is far from the lithium battery process, so the sulfide system has extremely high resources.

　　Toyota, SamsungSDI, and CATL have all invested in the development of this system. Toyota expects that the sulfide solid-state battery developed by it will be put into commercial use in 2022; the Korean battery manufacturer SDI has spent more than ten years studying on the sulfide technology route and switched to this system at the beginning of this year. The solid polymer route and the sulfide route can only be proved by time.

　　oxide

　　Oxide has the highest stability and can be produced with relatively low-cost process equipment and factory facilities under normal atmospheric conditions.

　　Sony, Ohara, and Huineng Technology are the representatives of this technical route. Among them, Huineng Technology has been the first to overcome the poor conductivity of oxides, which is the first to overcome the poor conductivity of oxides. When the oxide metal is stacked, it is brittle and will break when bent. It has successfully achieved the commercialization of "12-minute fast charge" and "dynamically bendable" solid-state batteries, and has been applied to HTC, SoftBank and other brand products. At present, it has jointly deployed solid-state power with several car manufacturers in China, Europe, and Japan. The battery market.