Lithium batteries can be roughly divided into two categories: lithium metal batteries and lithium-ion batteries.

　　Lithium metal batteries generally use manganese dioxide as the positive electrode material, and metallic lithium or its alloy metal as the negative electrode material.

　　Lithium-ion batteries generally use nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary materials, lithium iron phosphate, etc. as the positive electrode material, and graphite as the negative electrode material.

　　In a dry environment, lithium metal does not react with oxygen, and only reacts with oxygen in a humid environment. The color changes from silver-white to black and finally to white. Lithium metal in the laboratory is generally stored in a dry inert gas environment.

　　Lithium ions will inevitably occur abnormalities during battery charging and discharging, resulting in dendritic lithium metal solids. These dendrites can pierce the diaphragm and short-circuit inside the battery. This situation is usually catastrophic.

　　Lithium-ion battery (LIB) has become the main energy storage solution in modern social life. Among them, lithium iron phosphate batteries are a perfect substitute for lead-acid batteries and are the first choice in the energy storage industry.