Analyze the mainstream technology of power batteries from the classification of lithium batteries

　　The power batteries of new energy vehicles can be divided into secondary batteries (including lead-acid batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries, and lithium batteries) and fuel cells. In this article, we start with the classification of lithium batteries and analyze the current mainstream technology routes of power batteries on the market.

　　The power batteries of new energy vehicles can be divided into secondary batteries (including lead-acid batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries, and lithium batteries) and fuel cells.

　　In this article, we will start with the classification of lithium batteries and analyze the current mainstream technology routes of power batteries on the market.

　　working principle

　　First, correct a concept. Lithium batteries are usually divided into two categories according to the materials used in the positive and negative electrodes:

　　Lithium metal batteries are batteries that use manganese dioxide as the positive electrode material and lithium metal or its alloy metal as the negative electrode material; lithium ion batteries use lithium alloy metal oxide as the positive electrode material and graphite as the negative electrode material.

　　Lithium metal batteries are not stable enough and cannot be recharged, so they are not secondary batteries. For new energy vehicles, what we usually call lithium batteries refers to lithium-ion batteries.

　　Let’s take a look at the working principle of lithium-ion batteries, as shown in the figure below:

　　Ternary lithium batteries, as a rising star, have the highest energy density, but their safety is relatively poor. For pure electric vehicles that require cruising range, their prospects are broader, and they are currently the mainstream direction of power batteries.

　　The picture below is the Model 3 released by Tesla in July this year, using Panasonic's 21700 ternary (NCA) cylindrical battery.

　　In fact, in the power battery market, there is a dispute over the technological routes of the three giants of China, Japan and South Korea. They are all recruiting troops, expanding their territories, robbing mountains, and staged the so-called "Romance of the Three Kingdoms."