On the one hand, affected by the smog, the state's support for electric vehicles has continued to increase, and power lithium batteries are facing rare development opportunities. On the other hand, due to the delay in breaking through obstacles such as battery endurance and safety, it is difficult to meet the requirements of electric vehicles, resulting in continuous losses for domestic power lithium battery companies and unsustainable.

　　However, when Tesla used nickel-cobalt-aluminum batteries to launch high-end electric vehicles with a range of 300 to 400 kilometers, it rekindled hope for the struggling domestic counterparts of lithium batteries.

　　"The bottleneck of electric vehicles lies in the battery. Only the battery power problem can be solved, and other problems can be solved." Recently, Wang Jingzhong, vice chairman of the China Battery Industry Association, said in an interview that the primary battery industry such as dry batteries in my country has matured and saturated. The future development focus of the domestic battery industry will be rechargeable power batteries.

　　product update

　　Wang Jingzhong told reporters that the battery industry is mainly divided into four major areas: the first is primary batteries, including paste batteries, cardboard batteries, alkaline batteries, etc.; the second is rechargeable batteries, such as lithium-ion batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries, and nickel. Cadmium batteries; the third is lead-acid batteries, including car start batteries, electric bicycle batteries, industrial batteries, and energy storage batteries; the fourth is solar cells and fuel cells.

　　"At present, the total output value of the entire domestic battery industry is about 500 billion." Wang Jingzhong said, among them, the market for primary batteries has become saturated and can fully meet people's daily needs. However, other batteries cannot meet the growing needs due to their own defects, and they are also in the stage of continuous updating.

　　For nickel-cadmium batteries, the heavy metal cadmium contained in them is harmful to the human body and the environment, so it has been gradually replaced. In contrast, nickel-metal hydride batteries do not contain heavy metals and have twice the capacity, which has become the best substitute for nickel-cadmium batteries.

　　Lithium-ion batteries are more environmentally friendly and have several times higher capacity than Ni-MH batteries, so they are more suitable as power batteries and will become the future development direction of the battery industry.

　　Wang Jingzhong said that according to the different cathode materials, lithium-ion batteries can be divided into lithium cobalt oxide batteries, lithium manganese oxide batteries, nickel cobalt manganese ternary material batteries, and lithium iron phosphate batteries.

　　However, although these batteries can be used as power batteries, if they are used in the national key development of automobile power batteries, they all have their own shortcomings and are difficult to meet the needs of electric vehicles. For example, lithium iron phosphate batteries have the two major advantages of long cycle life and high safety, but they have the fatal flaw of small capacity.

　　Now, countries are constantly improving battery materials, and my country has also used nanotechnology to improve the performance of lithium iron phosphate batteries, but it still cannot meet the needs of electric vehicles. In Wang Jingzhong's view, only by meeting the two basic requirements of safety and endurance can power batteries be considered mature, but it will take at least three to five years for our country.

　　find a breakthrough

　　At present, the main bottleneck restricting the development of electric vehicles in my country is power lithium batteries. Wang Jingzhong said frankly that my country has also studied power lithium batteries for many years. Although there have been some advances in overall performance, there is still not much breakthrough, especially in terms of endurance.

　　But why the electric car launched by Tesla in the United States can increase the endurance to 300~400 kilometers?

　　"The lithium-nickel batteries used by Tesla are mainly nickel-cobalt-aluminum ternary materials, and we are currently using nickel-cobalt-manganese. This is a big breakthrough." Wang Jingzhong said, "other than that, they are the most advanced There is also a battery management system."

　　It is understood that Tesla in the United States connects 7000 to 8000 cylindrical batteries in series to form a battery pack. In the past, if one battery in the battery pack was damaged, the entire battery pack could not be used, but Tesla managed each battery in the battery pack individually, and damage to one battery would not affect the energy supply of the entire battery pack to the car.

　　"This advanced battery management system has also opened up new ideas and directions for us." Wang Jingzhong said.

　　In addition, lead-carbon batteries that can achieve the effect of supercapacitors are another development direction for power batteries.

　　In the past five years, a new type of energy storage device with high efficiency, environmental protection and long life-supercapacitor has been sought after by the industry. Its biggest feature is high-current discharge. When the car is climbing or starting, its instantaneous discharge can give the car enough horsepower, but it is difficult for the lithium battery to achieve this effect.

　　However, the biggest drawback of supercapacitors is that they are too bulky. In order to solve this problem, lead-carbon batteries perfectly integrate the technology of lead-acid batteries and supercapacitors: it not only takes advantage of the advantages of instantaneous large-capacity charging of supercapacitors, but also has lead. The energy advantages of acid batteries also improve bulky defects.

　　Using market rules to solve industry problems

　　In Wang Jingzhong's view, electric vehicles are bound to become a trend. If electric vehicles can be popularized, power batteries, which account for one-third of the cost, will also become a big industry. But for now, the development of power batteries is still a huge system project, because the entire industry is still very chaotic.

　　Irregular recycling of lead-acid batteries has become an important source of lead pollution. According to statistics, more than 95% of electric vehicles in my country use lead-acid batteries, and because of their excessive lead content (74% of lead plates), these batteries will pollute the soil, groundwater and air after they are discarded, thereby affecting Human health.

　　"The production and use of lead-acid batteries are mostly enclosed and will not cause harm to the environment. The main culprit of lead pollution is the recycling and treatment of waste batteries." Wang Jingzhong said that lead-acid batteries are the earliest start-up batteries for automobiles. Previously, there were as many as 3,000 domestic production companies. Through industry rectification in recent years, companies that did not meet environmental protection standards were eliminated. Currently, there are only more than 300 remaining. However, most of the lead-acid battery recycling and processing companies are still "small workshops", and the situation is not optimistic.

　　"Due to the high recycling value of used lead-acid batteries, almost none of the used batteries are discarded." Wang Jingzhong said, "However, the current recycling situation is that the used batteries are taken away by small vendors and sold to small workshops. Formal enterprises compete. But small traders. Small traders have no cost or very little cost. Regular manufacturers need at least millions, tens of millions or even hundreds of millions of yuan to purchase a complete set of processing equipment, and the cost is very high."

　　In this regard, Wang Jingzhong suggested that the country should legislate to regulate the recycling and disposal of used lead-acid batteries, implement “replacement of old” and use the company’s battery sales channels to establish a recycling network for used batteries. After they are scrapped, they can go to regular dealers to replace new batteries. The value of waste batteries can be offset against part of the price of new batteries. If you don’t replace used batteries, new batteries will be sold at a higher price to solve the recycling problem.

　　He also suggested that the country should also implement unified management of the power battery industry and formulate strict industry standards. Enterprises should also strengthen their innovation capabilities and learn from some foreign advanced and mature technologies to make a leap forward.