The purpose of the development of electric vehicles is to save energy and reduce emissions. A powerful automobile country must rely on independent intellectual property rights to produce self-owned brand electric vehicles with the lowest energy consumption and the least emissions.

　　The purpose of developing electric vehicles is to save energy and reduce emissions. A powerful automobile country must rely on independent intellectual property rights to produce electric vehicles of its own brand with the lowest energy consumption and the least emissions. Some electric vehicles only save fuel, but not necessarily. TESLA was punished in Singapore because of the pursuit of long-distance mileage and the installation of more batteries. The car is heavy and consumes more electricity. Therefore, it is necessary to develop high specific energy batteries.

　　So how do you do it? The first thing to do is to solve the four major anxiety problems of high specific energy power batteries. The first is mileage anxiety, the second is safety anxiety, the third is charging anxiety, and the fourth is price anxiety. Pure electric vehicles that rely on high subsidies to promote development are difficult to market, and subsidies are lagging behind. The longer the mileage and the higher the subsidy, the harder it is to sell cars. Therefore, to use micro and small pure electric vehicles as a breakthrough point, the development of large and medium-sized vehicles can be extended by pure electric drive, and the price of small pure electric vehicles can be determined by the market.

　　I mentioned in many reports that electric vehicles developed with lithium iron phosphate batteries do not require high specific energy batteries, but only need to install range extenders in pure electric vehicles. The first-generation range-extended pure electric vehicle is purely to increase the driving range, that is, to use a generator on a simple pure electric vehicle. The battery optimization in the pure electric vehicle will be relatively high. The second generation is that the engine is reduced, and the battery is also reduced, which not only saves half of the money, but also saves fuel by 50%. The third generation is an extended-range power generation direct-drive electric vehicle, that is, the electric motor is directly driven by the vehicle without the battery. It inherits all the advantages, and further reduces the cost, and the fuel saving rate is also high. Because there is at least 10% energy loss during battery charging, it reduces the energy loss relatively.

　　Some people will say that the increase program still has to burn oil, which is not the ultimate goal. However, if our country changes from a big automobile power to a powerful automobile power, the people of the whole country will be happy. It is necessary to use energy saving and emission reduction as the horizontal standard to test the technical route of program extension. The ultimate goal of electric vehicles is not necessarily a pure electric vehicle that does not burn oil, but is likely to be an extended-range electric vehicle that does not burn oil or burns alcohol. We need to put into production the third-generation extended-range electric vehicles to deal with the impact of subsidies on electric vehicles.

　　Although the fuel cell has a high specific energy, it is difficult to meet the requirements of functional changes during driving. Now, I want to talk about a few issues about fuel cells.

　　The first problem is the type of fuel cell, because the fuel cell of the proton exchange membrane is not the best. Here, we should pay attention to the following points: hydrogen energy efficiency; safe transportation and storage is not very convenient; fuel cell life is not long, and the price is high; key material technologies such as membranes need to be improved; platinum resources are too few, and catalysts need to be developed . Therefore, in the presence of solid oxide fuel, it is not necessary to burn hydrogen and only natural gas. However, there are still controversies in the field of electric vehicles.

　　The second problem is the supply and cost of hydrogen. The process of hydrogen compression consumes energy and emits carbon dioxide. Therefore, it is incorrect to say that the hydrogen energy conversion rate is high and hydrogen energy is clean. However, Qingxue University proposed that 45% of ethanol comes from the fermentation of sorghum stalks, which can be used not only as feed but also as wine. This approach has attracted the attention of relevant state departments and is now being vigorously promoted.

　　The third problem is the life of PM fuel cell power system. The battery system is a bit complicated and difficult to maintain. In addition, the air pollution is serious, and the inputted fuel will produce carbon monoxide. In addition, the solid particles in the air are also easy to block the system, and purifying the air will raise the cost and increase the energy consumption, and the system will be more complicated. Therefore, basic research needs to be done well in the development of fuel cells.

　　In short, the technical route of fuel cell electric vehicles is still being explored. Heavy subsidies and heavy push for PMFC industrialization will result in fraudulent compensation and waste of resources.

　　I think that in the future, sustainable low-carbon electric vehicles will be powered by photovoltaic power and wind power from solar energy to charge the power battery, and biomass to provide energy to the engine, thus forming an extended-range electric vehicle. In other words, energy can be provided by solar energy. Now the country can use solar energy as a reserve, and there will be a very high ethanol production in the future.

　　The fourth issue is the development of lithium-sulfur batteries. I think it can be done soon, but it is difficult to do it well. Because it has five "lows": low safety, low volumetric specific energy, low discharge rate, low energy conversion efficiency, and low cycle times. If these problems can be solved, the power battery problem can be solved. Lithium-sulfur batteries can be used in places where the size is loose and the weight is strictly limited, for example, drones can be used.

　　The fifth problem is lithium-air batteries. Its problem is likely to be "far can't quench far thirst". Because the energy conversion efficiency of lithium-air batteries is too low, the lifespan is short, and the specific function is low. In addition, last year, the Argonne Laboratory in the United States stopped the research and design of lithium-air batteries, and foreigners’ practices are worthy of our consideration.