The technological progress of lithium batteries has been slow. At present, the energy density, high and low temperature characteristics, and rate performance of lithium-ion batteries are far higher than lead-acid and nickel-hydrogen batteries, but it is still difficult to meet the rapidly growing demand for electronic products and electric vehicles.

　　"Consumer electronics, automobiles, and grid storage are the three main industries where batteries are currently used. I call these three industries the three areas where people connect with batteries. Each area has different requirements for batteries, so the The battery may (sometimes) be very different. The mobile phone in your pocket needs a strong and safe battery. Weight and cost don’t need to be considered too much. For the automotive battery industry, a lot of batteries are needed, so the cost, weight and cycle Service life (if a new Tesla needs to be replaced with new batteries every two years, you will be crazy) becomes very important. The batteries used to store electricity for houses and the grid do not require high weight or size." Said Winkter Srinivasen, deputy director of research and development at the Joint Center for Energy Storage Research.

　　Almost every part of the electronics industry needs batteries, which are also limited by the power output and energy life of the batteries. "Power Magazine" editor-in-chief Stefano Passerini pointed out, "The development or progress of batteries is much slower than in other areas. This is the limitation of the battery itself. You cannot expect to have a battery that can power your mobile phone for a week or a month. Batteries. Because the maximum energy stored in batteries is determined by inherent elements."

　　Among the constituent materials of lithium batteries, there are iron phosphate, manganese, graphite, titanate and other metal and non-metal materials, but it can only be achieved by the insertion and extraction of the element "lithium ion" in the positive and negative electrodes. The mutual conversion of electrical energy and chemical energy completes the charging and discharging process.

　　However, the technological progress of lithium batteries has been slow. At present, the energy density, high and low temperature characteristics, and rate performance of lithium-ion batteries are far higher than lead-acid and nickel-hydrogen batteries, but it is still difficult to meet the rapidly growing demand for electronic products and electric vehicles.

　　In recent years, researchers have worked hard to improve the energy density (volume-to-volume ratio), value, safety, environmental impact, and trial life of lithium batteries, and are designing new types of batteries. But Passerini said that the traditional lithium battery technology is now close to the bottleneck, and there is limited room for further optimization.