Lithium batteries can be used in a wide range of fields. Among them, lithium iron phosphate batteries can be used as a perfect substitute for lead-acid batteries, so the frequency of outdoor use is quite high.

　　However, due to the characteristics of the material, the electronic conductivity and ion diffusion rate of lithium iron phosphate are relatively low, resulting in general charge and discharge performance. This shortcoming is more obvious at low temperatures.

　　Some lithium iron phosphate batteries that have not been optimized for low-temperature design are difficult to charge below -10°C and difficult to effectively discharge below -20°C.

　　Even some lithium iron phosphate batteries that have been simply designed and optimized have poor low-temperature performance. Generally, the reversible charge and discharge capacity is only about 60% of that at room temperature at an ambient temperature of -20°C.

　　This shortcoming results in a poor user experience for outdoor use of lithium iron phosphate batteries in winter.

　　In recent years, through carbon coating and ion doping on the surface of the cathode material, the addition of carbon nanotubes/graphene as a conductive agent, the optimization of the lithium salt material of the electrolyte, the addition of low temperature resistant additives, and the amorphous shape of the anode graphite material Carbon coating and other methods have improved the low-temperature performance of lithium iron phosphate batteries to a certain extent.

　　These methods can ensure that the lithium iron phosphate battery can be effectively charged and discharged at a temperature of -30°C, and the usable capacity can reach 80% of the normal temperature.

　　Lithium-ion battery (LIB) has become the main energy storage solution in modern social life. Among them, lithium iron phosphate batteries are a perfect replacement for lead-acid batteries, and they are the first choice for grid-connected peak shaving, off-grid energy storage, photovoltaic energy storage, UPS, data center and other industries.

　　However, these improvements will inevitably increase the cost while significantly improving the low-temperature performance. This is a difficult thing to balance.