There are two types of energy storage concepts, namely household energy storage and industrial and commercial energy storage.

　　The European energy storage market is currently in an explosive state. The overall total volume has a growth rate of more than 100%, and the growth rate in some areas is as high as several hundred percent, which is several times the overall demand. The US market is mainly aimed at industrial and commercial energy storage.

　　Industrial and commercial energy storage is mainly for the project itself, directly facing the investors, such as the overall project bidding, technical exchanges, and system solutions with the project investors. The energy storage channels for households are agents and distributors.

　　The risk in the US market is that the US market is relatively exclusive and will tend to adopt some domestic brands, which makes its market share relatively high. The European market will start from the economy and technology, and choose the right company according to the needs.

　　Q1: In the energy storage industry, what are the similarities and differences between energy storage converters and PV inverters in terms of technology and design?

　　A: First of all, PCS only targets industrial and commercial energy storage. In terms of household energy storage, it is not called PCS but energy storage inverter. Industrial and commercial energy storage takes electricity from the grid and uses alternating current to store it. Household energy storage is mainly divided into three technical routes:

　　1. Direct current (DC/DC), a PV power station, PV inverter. The PV inverter performs corresponding DC energy storage on the DC side.

　　2. DC/AC, on the AC side of the PV inverter, converts between electrical energy and chemical electrical energy.

　　3. AC/AC, also known as PCS, takes electricity directly from alternating current and converts it into electrochemical energy.

　　Q2: Are there any PV and energy storage integrated machines that include these functions?

　　A: The all-in-one machine is divided into several parts:

　　1. In the PV inverter part, the corresponding energy conversion and tracking of the maximum efficiency point for the PV system are carried out.

　　2. EMS system, that is, energy control system. It controls the energy flow of the PV inverter and the overall information exchange of the battery.

　　When the PV inverter has a lot of power, it will first supply power to the battery or load, and then consider the second priority. The other system is the critical load port. When the power grid is out of power, the critical load port can supply power to the household's necessary loads. For example, some necessary load spaces such as winter needs, electric heaters, water heaters, refrigerators, etc. are necessary for life.

　　This all-in-one machine is mainly used for small mixed-use energy storage because of its relatively high integration cost. Industrial and commercial energy storage will be made into modular things, that is to say, PV inverters are PV inverters, and PCS is PCS.

　　Q3: What are the differences and difficulty of the household, string and centralized technical routes in energy storage inverters and converters?

　　A: The sorting of technical difficulty from high to low is centralized inverter. Household energy storage inverters, string inverters. Centralized inverters will encounter additional requirements, such as high and low voltage ride-through and mathematical modeling, which are the requirements and standards of the power grid that are only needed in large-capacity power stations.

　　Lithium-ion battery (LIB) has become the main energy storage solution in modern social life. Among them, lithium iron phosphate batteries are a perfect replacement for lead-acid batteries, and they are the first choice for grid-connected peak shaving, off-grid energy storage, PV energy storage, UPS, data center and other industries.

　　Solar power generation system with lithium battery energy storage system is a very promising clean energy.