The MIT Energy Initiative (MITEI) research team recently released a study. The report predicts that energy storage technology and renewable energy will play an important role in effectively building a deeply decarbonized power system by 2050.

　　The report, "The Future of Energy Storage," recommends that governments increase investment in planning, operating and regulating power systems. The report focuses on emerging market and developing economies (EMDEs) with rapidly growing electricity demand, such as India.

　　The report states that emerging market and developing economies (EMDEs) must identify the use of energy storage systems to supplement power systems, including generation, transmission and demand response. Many closed power plants in the U.S., for example, could be turned into significant energy storage facilities by replacing fossil-fuel power plants with thermal storage and new steam generators.

　　According to the survey, the energy storage system can effectively reduce the cost of the power system when it achieves the goal of deep decarbonization. Battery storage systems will also help India and other emerging market and developing economies (EMDEs) that rely on coal for power generation and lack low-cost natural gas.

　　The research focuses on four important energy storage technologies—electrochemical, thermal energy storage, chemical energy, and mechanical energy. Studies have found that electrochemical energy storage systems, including various batteries, have higher energy densities than mechanical and thermal energy storage systems, but lower power densities than chemical energy storage systems.

　　For example, lithium-ion batteries have higher energy and power densities, as well as higher charge-discharge efficiencies. This energy-friendly nature of lithium-ion batteries makes them the best solution for electric vehicles and is mainly used for short-term energy storage (4 hours).

　　The study recommends making full use of steam turbines in existing power plants and adding thermal storage and new steam generators as an alternative to using fossil fuels to generate electricity. The focus in this direction should be on establishing short-term thermal energy storage mechanisms that ultimately reduce the cost of converting thermal energy into electricity.

　　Currently, many developing economies produce, transport and trade hydrogen as a feedstock for industrial processes. Hydrogen production from water electrolysis can support the decarbonization of the power sector. The study lists hydrogen as the primary chemical energy storage.

　　The study focuses on supply constraints prevailing in some parts of India, where off-grid electrification systems have attracted interest from private developers and investment and financing institutions such as the World Bank.

　　In India, electricity loads are likely to grow faster than total energy due to the adoption of energy-intensive equipment such as air conditioners and the electrification of transport services, according to the International Energy Agency (IEA), a red flag: IEA (IEA) forecasts that growth-driven energy consumption could lead to an 81% increase in final energy use in India in 2040 compared to 2019.

　　The study classifies India as a demand-driven country, and understanding demand growth and future electricity usage patterns is critical for energy storage use cases. For example, India's renewable energy investment costs are 50% to 70% lower than in the United States due to a number of factors, including cheap labor.

　　The study analyzes energy storage use cases in India using demand-side modelling. The analysis distinguishes between established electricity end-uses and emerging end-uses in India, such as air conditioning and electric vehicles (EVs).

　　The study considers a baseline scenario based on forecasts of electricity sales for currently available air conditioners and a high-efficiency scenario assuming preferential adoption of high-efficiency air-conditioning units. According to a survey by the International Energy Agency (IEA), the sales weighted average of air conditioners in India is 3, while the global average is 4.

　　While central air-conditioning systems using efficiency measures such as variable cooling are common in the US, the Indian market is dominated by split-system air-conditioning units that are less expensive and less efficient. The model uses NITI Aayog's estimates of future EV sales from 2018 and targets set by the Indian government to meet EV charging demand.

　　The study predicts that the electricity demand for electric vehicle charging in India is relatively modest compared to that of air conditioners, both in terms of annual energy consumption and peak energy consumption. The finding contrasts sharply with forecasts in advanced economies such as the United States and Europe, where growth in electricity demand will come mainly from electric vehicle charging, which will have implications for the long-term development of the grid.

　　According to SES Power, India's huge population, accelerated industrialization means that the demand for energy is very large, and government targets to reduce carbon emissions, these two factors have led to very strong growth in India's renewable energy market. Lithium battery energy storage systems (off-grid, off-grid, microgrid) bring huge market opportunities. SES Power has many Indian partners, and we provide them with high-quality customized lithium-ion batteries. Home energy storage system HESS (3KW inverter output). But cost is an inescapable proposition. SES Power insists on reducing costs at the expense of safety. We usually make use of the price advantage of echelon batteries to make SES Power's customized lithium-ion battery packs, on the basis of guaranteed performance, able to Fully satisfy customers who are discerning enough about price.

　　Combining energy storage systems with variable renewable energy is one of the most promising solutions for the Indian power sector. According to another report released by the World Bank in 2018, the total installed capacity of various energy sources in India has increased from 154.7GW in 2007 to 345.5GW in 2018, and has become the third largest electricity producer in the world.