At present, most common secondary batteries are lithium-ion batteries. Although they have high energy density and fast charging speed, they have problems such as safety. Therefore, the industry is actively developing solid-state batteries, hoping that it can replace traditional lithium-ion batteries. So, what is a solid-state battery?

Simply put, compared with most current lithium-ion batteries, solid-state batteries can "omit" the separator material, and solid-state batteries benefit from the advantages of density, which can conduct more current, thereby increasing the battery capacity. In other words, with the same battery volume, the capacity of solid-state batteries will be greater than that of conventional batteries.

Then the question comes again. Why are solid-state batteries that are safe and large in capacity not used in energy storage systems, new energy vehicles, and other fields in the first place?

In fact, solid-state batteries have many advantages, but they have not been able to be used in various fields. The most fundamental reason is cost and manufacturing difficulty. Although from a simple physics point of view, the conductivity of solids is higher than that of liquids, but the inside of the battery is not simply an electrical conductor. Secondly, the battery itself is not just put positive, negative electrodes, electrolyte together.

In addition, in the production of solid-state batteries, all the designs, structures, and materials previously used in liquid batteries are not universal, because the entire structure of solid-state batteries is completely different, which involves a lot of technical applications. So far, according to human chemical industry and material science capabilities, it is not enough to completely solve the internal structure and performance balance of solid-state batteries.

In addition, in fact, the solid state of solid-state batteries refers to the shape of the electrolyte. Now in the laboratory reports of various battery companies, solid electrolytes can act as positive or negative electrodes at the same time. This is also the reason why real solid-state batteries can greatly increase the energy storage density.

At this stage, the so-called solid-state batteries that can be mass-produced in the next few years can be publicly promoted, almost all of which are traditional batteries improved by battery companies using part of the solid-state battery technology. These solid-state battery technologies include the improvement of cathode materials, the improvement of anode materials and the optimization of electrolyte materials.

As a transitional product of all-solid-state batteries, the timeline of semi-solid-state batteries will fall in the fourth quarter of 2022 at the earliest, and mass production is currently not possible. To truly realize all-solid-state batteries, according to the current technological level, it is optimistic that it will not really come out and mass-produced until 2030.

With the global wave of new energy sweeping, there are more and more news about solid-state batteries. From Fisker's claim to develop solid-state batteries that can travel 500 kilometers in one minute, BMW has cooperated with SolidPower to develop next-generation solid-state batteries for electric vehicles, and Toyota has announced that it will realize the use of all-solid-state batteries by 2025. As a representative of the next generation of battery technology, solid-state batteries have indeed attracted great attention from the market.

Lithium-ion battery (LIB) has become the main energy storage solution in modern social life. Among them, lithium iron phosphate batteries are a perfect substitute for lead-acid batteries, and are the first choice for grid-connected peak shaving, off-grid energy storage, photovoltaic energy storage, UPS, data center and other industries.