In the past 30 years, the invention of lithium-ion batteries has caused a revolutionary development in portable electronic devices. Compared with traditional disposable dry batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries, lead-acid batteries, etc., lithium-ion batteries have the advantage of high energy density. Therefore, it is necessary to sort out the development direction of lithium-ion battery anode materials.

　　The current research on anode materials has focused on new carbon materials, silicon-based materials, tin-based materials and their oxide anode materials.

　　Carbon nanomaterials mainly include carbon nanotubes and nano-doped carbon materials, which have high hardness, strength, toughness and conductivity. Although carbon nanotubes have high lithium storage capacity, they are prone to defects such as low efficiency, no discharge platform, poor cycle performance, and voltage hysteresis.

　　Graphene has good electrochemical properties and application prospects. Because both sides of the graphene sheet can store lithium ions at the same time, the theoretical capacity can reach 740mAh/g. The lithium-on storage capacity of graphene is much higher than that of graphite.

　　The silicon-based anode material has a very high specific capacity. However, the high expansion rate of silicon during charging and discharging limits its application in negative electrode materials. The negative electrode material prepared by combining silicon and other materials can overcome this defect to a certain extent.

　　Tin oxide can be used as a negative electrode material for lithium-ion batteries and has a high theoretical capacity. Its capacity can reach 782mAh/g, while the capacity of nano-tin oxide material is expected to reach 1494mAh/g. However, when tin oxide is used as a negative electrode material, there are also problems such as a large first irreversible capacity and a large volume effect during charge and discharge cycles.

　　The development of lithium-ion battery anode materials with excellent performance is the direction that researchers need to focus on.