Solar photovoltaic power generation system refers to a power generation system that directly converts light energy into electrical energy without a thermal process. It is characterized by high reliability, long service life, no environmental pollution, independent power generation and grid-connected operation.

　　Photovoltaic power generation systems usually consist of photovoltaic square arrays, energy storage battery packs (optional), battery controllers (optional), inverters, AC power distribution cabinets, and solar tracking control systems.

　　1. Photovoltaic array

　　Photovoltaic array (PV Array) is composed of several photovoltaic modules or photovoltaic panels assembled together in a certain way, and has a supporting structure at the same time.

　　2. Energy storage battery pack (optional)

　　Its function is to store the electric energy generated by the photovoltaic array and to supply power to the load at any time.

　　The basic requirements for the energy storage battery pack used are: ① low self-discharge rate; ② long service life; ③ strong deep discharge capacity; ④ high charging efficiency; ⑤ little or no maintenance; ⑥ working temperature range; ⑦ low price.

　　3. Energy storage battery controller (optional)

　　It is a device that can automatically prevent overcharging and over-discharging of energy storage batteries.

　　Since the number of cycles of charging and discharging of the battery and the depth of discharge are important factors that determine the service life of the battery, the energy battery controller is an indispensable device.

　　4. Photovoltaic inverter

　　An inverter is a device that converts direct current from solar cells and energy storage batteries into alternating current.

　　It can be divided into off-grid inverters and grid-connected inverters. According to the output waveform, inverters can be divided into square wave inverters and sine wave inverters. The square wave inverter has a simple circuit and low cost, but has a large harmonic component. It is generally used in systems that are less than a few hundred watts and do not require high harmonics. The sine wave inverter is expensive, but it can be applied to various loads.

　　5. Tracking system

　　The solar panel can face the sun at all times, and the power generation efficiency will reach the best state. However, the angle of the sun's rays at a certain fixed location changes all the time.

　　The sun tracking control system needs to store information such as the latitude and longitude of the placement point. It calculates the angle of the sun at different times of each day of the year. At the same time, it has a feedback system to detect and correct the angle of the solar cell to ensure that the solar cell is kept at every moment. The boards are facing the sun.